Assessment of depression, stress, anxiety and oral health-related quality of life in individuals with sjögren's syndrome: case control pilot study / Evaluación de la depresión, el estrés, la ansiedad y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal en personas con síndrome de Sjögren: estudio piloto de casos y controles

Objective: Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic auto-immune inflammatory systemic disease, in which the infiltration of mo-nonuclear cells in the exocrine glands leads to physiological and morphological changes. This pilot case-control study aims to describe the profile, evaluate the oral condition, quality of life (QoL) and psychological condition, through complete clinical examination, OHIP-14 and DASS-21 questionnaires. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with seven individuals with a final diagnosis of SS (case group [CG]), and seven individuals with symptoms of dry mouth (control group [GCO]), consulting at the institution from January to November 2021. participants were selected by free demand and those previously seen at the institution with a diagnosis of SS between 19 and 70 years of age. The questionnaire OHIP-14 was applied to assess the patient's quality of life, where seven dimensions are assessed, subdivided into 14 questions through the Lickert scale (0 to 4) assigned by the individual and which quantifies the impact of oral health on QoL. The questionnaire DASS-21 assessed the psychological condition of the patient, which presents seven questions for each emotional state (depression, anxiety, and stress), totaling 21 questions. The general clinical condition, evolution of SS, oral clinical condition, and the profile of this population were related to QoL factors and psychological conditions, using these assessment instruments. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding stimulated salivary flow. The only symptom with a statistically significant difference in the CG was difficulty in phonation (p< 0.001). The dimensions related to functional limitation and physical pain showed the most expressive results (p=0.004) (p=0.025), showing a strong negative impact on the QoL of the CG individuals, and the dimension related to disability was the least affected (p=0.684). The analysis of depression, anxiety, and stress did not show statistically significant results between the groups; however, in the CG, 5 (71.42%) individuals showed a severe degree of depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusions: Individuals in the case group showed some changes, with a strong negative impact on QoL compared to the control group.

Objetivo: El síndrome de Sjögren (SS) es una enfermedad inflamatoria sistémica crónica autoinmune, en la que la infiltración de células mononucleares en las glándulas exocrinas provoca cambios fisiológicos y morfológicos. Este estudio piloto de casos y controles tiene como objetivo describir el perfil, evaluar la condición bucal, calidad de vida (CdV) y condición psicológica, mediante examen clínico completo, cuestionarios OHIP-14 y DASS-21. Materiales y Métodos: El estudio se realizó con 7 individuos con diagnóstico final de SS, grupo de casos (CG) y 7 individuos con síntomas de sequedad bucal, grupo control (GCO) atendidos en la institución de enero a noviembre de 2021. Los participantes fueron seleccionados por libre demanda y entre los atendidos previamente en la institución con diagnóstico de SS entre 19 y 70 años de edad. Para evaluar la calidad de vida del paciente se aplicó el cuestionario OHIP-14, donde se evalúan siete dimensiones, sub-divididas en 14 preguntas a través de la escala de Likert (0 a 4) asignada por el individuo y que cuantifica el impacto de la salud bucal en la calidad de vida. El cuestionario DASS-21 evaluó la condición psicológica del paciente, el cual presenta siete preguntas para cada estado emocional (depresión, ansiedad y estrés), totalizando 21 preguntas. El estado clínico general, la evolución del SS, el estado clínico bucal y el perfil de esta población se relacionaron con factores de calidad de vida y condiciones psicológicas, mediante estos instrumentos de evaluación. Resultados: En cuanto al flujo salival estimulado, no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos. El único síntoma que mostró diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el CG fue la dificultad en la fonación (p< 0,001). Las dimensiones relacionadas con limitación funcional y dolor físico mostraron los resultados más expresivos (p=0,004) (p=0,025), mostrando un fuerte impacto negativo en la CdV de los individuos del GC, y la dimensión relacionada con discapacidad fue la menos afectada (p=0,684). El análisis de depresión, ansiedad y estrés no mostró resultados estadísticamente significativos entre los grupos; sin embargo, en el GC, 5 (71,42%) individuos presentaron un grado severo de depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Conclusión: Se puede concluir que los individuos del grupo de casos mostraron algunos cambios, con un fuerte impacto negativo en la calidad de vida en comparación con el grupo de control.

Oral Manifestations of Erythema Multiforme due to Methotrexate Intoxication

ABSTRACT: To report a rare case of erythema multiforme (EM) associated with methotrexate (MTX) with cutaneous and oral manifestations and to compare it to existing cases in which MTX was not used for cancer treatment. A 56-years- old female, in physical examination skin lesions and multiple oral ulcers associated with pain during manipulation were observed, and underwent treatment for rheumatoid arthritis with Methotrexate 2.5mg. During examination patient-reported that 15 days ago she had undergone a rheumatoid factor examination, doubling the MTX dosage (10mg / day) without doctor's consent. The diagnostic hypothesis of EM. The medical conduct consisted of the suspension of MTX and prescription of a vitamin complex with folinic acid. Local dental therapy for to control oral lesions, pain control and lip hydration was performed using low-level laser therapy (Twin Laser, P: 40mW, T: 50s, DE: 50J / cm), benzydamine hydrochloride spray, purified lanolin for lip dryness, and toothpaste without sodium lauryl sulfate to prevent burning. After 12 days, there was significant remission of oral and skin signs and symptoms, which confirmed the diagnosis was EM due to MTX intoxication. Thorough clinical evaluation and anamnesis favored diagnosis and early multi-professional management provided remission of oral and skin lesions, prevented systemic complications.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este trabajo fue informar un caso raro de eritema multiforme (EM) asociado a metotrexato (MTX) con manifestaciones cutáneas y orales y compararlo con casos existentes en los que no se utilizó MTX para el tratamiento del cáncer. Caso clínico: Mujer de 56 años, en el examen físico se observaron lesiones cutáneas y múltiples úlceras de la cavidad oral asociadas a dolor durante la manipulación.Se sometió a tratamiento para la artritis reumatoide con metotrexato 2,5 mg. Durante el examen, la paciente informó que hacía 15 días se había sometido a un examen de factor reumatoide, duplicando la dosis de MTX (10 mg / día) sin el consentimiento del médico. La hipótesis diagnóstica de EM. La conducta médica consistió en la suspensión de MTX y prescripción de un complejo vitamínico con ácido folínico. La terapia dental local para el control de las lesiones orales, el control del dolor y la hidratación de los labios se realizó mediante terapia con láser de bajo nivel (Twin Laser, P: 40mW, T: 50s, DE: 50J / cm), aerosol de clorhidrato de bencidamina, lanolina purificada para la sequedad de labios y pasta de dientes sin lauril sulfato de sodio para evitar quemaduras. Después de 12 días, hubo una remisión significativa de los signos y síntomas orales y cutáneos, lo que confirmó el diagnóstico de ME por intoxicación por MTX. La evaluación clínica exhaustiva y la anamnesis favorecieron el diagnóstico y el manejo multiprofesional precoz proporcionó la remisión de las lesiones orales y cutáneas, evitando además complicaciones sistémicas.

Fatores associados à violência física grave contra crianças e adolescentes com transtornos mentais / Factors associated with severe physical violence against children and adolescents with mental disorders / Factores asociados a la violencia física grave contra niños y adolescentes con trastornos mentales

Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados à ocorrência de violência física grave em crianças e adolescentes com transtornos mentais. Método: estudo transversal com 274 pacientes atendidos em uma unidade de atenção psicossocial de Nova Iguaçu, entre outubro e dezembro de 2016. Além de dados sociodemográficos e clínicos dos cuidadores e crianças, a violência familiar foi apreendida pelo "Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales". Resultados: o tempo de atendimento na unidade de saúde combinada com a jornada semanal de cuidado pelo cuidador resultaram em altas chances de ocorrência de violência física grave (OR 5,0; p-valor 0,002). Por outro lado, a participação em programas de transferência de renda (OR 0,5; p-valor 0,015) demonstrou proteção das crianças e adolescentes às violências. Conclusão: as características sociodemográficas e clínicas parecem estar relacionadas à ocorrência de maus-tratos físicos. Para prevenir episódios, principalmente devido à sobrecarga dos cuidadores, parece imprescindível que as famílias sejam inseridas no cotidiano do cuidado mental.

Objective: to analyze factors associated with the occurrence of severe physical violence in children and adolescents with mental disorders. Method: cross-sectional study with 274 patients attending a psychosocial care unit in Nova Iguaçu between October and December 2016. In addition to sociodemographic and clinical data on caregivers and children, family violence was measured by the "Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales". Results: The time spent in the health unit combined with the week's schedule of care by the caregiver resulted in high chances of serious physical abuse (OR 5.0; p-value 0.002). On the other hand, participation in cash transfer programs (OR 0.5, p-value 0.015) was found to protect children and adolescents from violence. Conclusion: sociodemographic and clinical characteristics seem to be related to the occurrence of physical abuse. To prevent such episodes, it seems essential to include families in daily mental care, mainly because caregivers are overloaded.

Objetivo: analizar los factores asociados a la ocurrencia de violencia física grave en niños y adolescentes con trastornos mentales. Método: estudio transversal junto a 274 pacientes atendidos en una unidad de atención psicosocial en Nova Iguaçu, entre octubre y diciembre de 2016. Además de los datos sociodemográficos y clínicos sobre los cuidadores y los niños, la violencia familiar fue medida por las "Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales". Resultados: El tiempo de permanencia en la unidad de salud combinado con la jornada semanal de cuidado por parte del cuidador resultaron en altas probabilidades de violencia física grave (OR 5,0; p-valor 0,002). Por otro lado, la participación en programas de transferencia de ingresos (OR 0,5; p-valor 0,015) demostró protección de los niños y adolescentes contra la violencia. Conclusión: las características sociodemográficas y clínicas parecen estar relacionadas con la ocurrencia de maltratos físicos. Para prevenir episodios, principalmente derivados de la sobrecarga de los cuidadores, parece ser fundamental que se incluyan las familias en el cotidiano de cuidado mental.

Analysis of secularization in Brazil / Análise da secularização no Brasil / Análisis de la secularización en Brasil

This paper analyzes whether Brazil is experiencing a religious secularization process using data from Brazil Religion Survey conducted in 2007. Models of discrete choice are estimated to understand which individual attributes affect disaffiliation, disbelief and lack of religious practice, therefore confirming or disproving secularism hypotheses. Estimations confirm some hypotheses of the theory, for example, that having liberal opinions concerning moral and social issues is positively associated with secularism, and that lower income levels result in lower chances of disaffiliation. In addition, the profile of non-religious people, non-believers and those who do not practice religion is similar. Therefore, it is possible to affirm that there is secularization in Brazil.

Este trabalho analisa se o Brasil está passando por um processo de secularização, utilizando dados da Pesquisa sobre Religião no Brasil, conduzida em 2007. Modelos de escolha discreta foram estimados para entender quais atributos dos indivíduos afetam a desfiliação, descrença e ausência de prática religiosa, para confirmar ou refutar as hipóteses do secularismo. A estimação confirmou algumas hipóteses da teoria. Por exemplo, ter uma opinião liberal acerca de assuntos morais e sociais está positivamente associado com secularismo, enquanto níveis mais baixos de renda incorrem em menores chances de desfiliação. Além disso, o perfil dos desfiliados, descrentes e não praticantes é semelhante. Portanto, é possível afirmar que existe secularização no Brasil.

Este trabajo analiza si Brasil está pasando por un proceso de secularización, para lo cual utiliza datos de la Investigación sobre Religión en Brasil, desarrollada en 2007. Modelos de elección discreta fueron estimados para entender qué atributos de los individuos afectan la desafiliación, la incredulidad y la ausencia de prácticas religiosas, para confirmar o refutar las hipótesis del secularismo. La estimación confirmó algunas hipótesis de la teoría. Por ejemplo, tener una opinión liberal acerca de asuntos morales y sociales está positivamente asociado con el secularismo, mientras que ingresos más bajos implican menores posibilidades de desafiliación. Además, el perfil de los desafiliados, no creyentes y no practicantes es similar. Por lo tanto, es posible afirmar que existe secularización en Brasil.

Association between MBL2 haplotypes and dengue severity in children from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

BACKGROUND Dengue is an arthropod-borne viral disease with a majority of asymptomatic individuals and clinical manifestations varying from mild fever to severe and potentially lethal forms. An increasing number of genetic studies have outlined the association between host genetic variations and dengue severity. Genes associated to viral recognition and entry, as well as those encoding mediators of the immune response against infection are strong candidates for association studies. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MBL2, CLEC5A, ITGB3 and CCR5 genes and dengue severity in children. METHODS A matched case-control study was conducted and 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were investigated. FINDINGS No associations were observed in single SNP analysis. However, when MBL2 SNPs were combined in haplotypes, the allele rs7095891G/rs1800450C/ rs1800451C/rs4935047A/rs930509G/rs2120131G/rs2099902C was significantly associated to risk of severe dengue under α = 0.05 (aOR = 4.02; p = 0.02). A second haplotype carrying rs4935047G and rs7095891G alleles was also associated to risk (aOR = 1.91; p = 0.04). MAIN CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate the association between MBL2 haplotypes and dengue severity in Brazilians including adjustment for genetic ancestry. These results reinforce the role of mannose binding lectin in immune response to DENV.

Hyoscine butylbromide for colorectal polyp detection: prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

OBJECTIVES: The removal of pre-malignant colorectal lesions prevents cancer. Hyoscine has been proposed as a means of improving diagnosis by reducing colonic movements. The aim of this study was to analyze whether this anti-spasmodic enhances the detection of pre-malignant colorectal lesions. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blinded fashion patients received hyoscine or a saline solution in all consecutive colonoscopies in which the cecum was reached. Lesions were analysed with respect to number, size, location, histology and capillary pattern. RESULTS: A total of 440 colonoscopies were randomized. The overall polyp detection rate (PDR) and the adenoma detection rate (ADR) were 65.2% and 49.3%, respectively. In the hyoscine group, non-polypoid lesions were detected significantly more often (p=0.01). In the placebo group 281 lesions were diagnosed (202 adenomas) and in the hyoscine group 282 lesions were detected (189 adenomas) (p=0.23). The PDR and ADR were similar between the placebo and hyoscine groups (64% vs 66% and 50% vs 47%, respectively). No differences were observed between the two groups in the advanced-ADR or advanced neoplasia detection rate, as well the mean numbers of polyps, adenomas, advanced adenomas and advanced neoplasias detected per patient. The administration of hyoscine also did not improve the diagnostic accuracy of digital chromoendoscopy. The presence of adenomatous polyps in the right colon was detected significantly more frequently in the hyoscine group (OR 5.41 95% CI 2.7 - 11; p<0.01 vs OR 2.3 95% CI 1.1 - 4.6; p=0.02). CONCLUSION: The use of hyoscine before beginning the withdrawal of the colonoscope does not seem to enhance the PDR and the ADR.

Transection of the hepatic parenchyma associated or not with the contralateral portal vein branch ligature and its effect in liver regeneration / Efeito da transecção do parênquima hepático associada ou não à ligadura contralateral da veia porta na regeneração hepática

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the influence of portal vein ligation in hepatic regeneration by immunohistochemical criteria. Methods Ten pigs divided into two groups of five animals underwent hepatectomy in two stages, and the groups were differentiated by ligation or not of the left portal vein tributary, which is responsible for vascularization of the left lateral and medial lobes of the pig liver. Five days after the procedure, the animals underwent liver biopsies for further analysis of histological and immunohistochemical with marker Ki67. Results The group submitted to hepatectomy with vascular ligation showed an increase of approximately 4% of hepatocytes in regeneration status, as well as a greater presence of Kupffer and inflammatory cells as compared to control. Conclusion As a result of positive cell replication observed through the Ki67 marker, we can suspect that the ligation of a tributary of the portal vein associated with liver resection promoted a greater stimulus of liver regeneration when compared to liver resection alone.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a influência da ligadura da tributária da veia porta no estímulo regenerativo hepático por meio de critérios imuno-histoquímicos. Métodos Dez suínos, divididos em dois grupos de cinco animais, foram submetidos à hepatectomia em dois estágios, sendo que os grupos foram diferenciados pela ligadura ou não da tributária da veia porta, responsável pela vascularização dos lobos lateral e medial esquerdos do fígado do suíno. Cinco dias após o procedimento, os animais foram reabordados para retirada de amostras hepáticas para posterior análise de histológica e imunoistoquímica com o marcador Ki67. Resultados O grupo submetido à hepatectomia com ligadura vascular apresentou incremento de 4% aproximadamente de hepatócitos em processo de regeneração, bem como grande número de células de Kupffer e células inflamatórias, quando comparado ao controle. Conclusão Em virtude da análise positiva da replicação celular observada por meio do marcador Ki67, pode-se observar que a ligadura de uma tributária da veia porta promoveu um maior estímulo de regeneração hepática, efeito observado com menor intensidade no grupo submetido apenas à ressecção hepática.

Histological evaluation of capsules formed by silicon implants coated with polyurethane foam and with a textured surface in rats

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To assess the capsules formed by silicone implants coated with polyurethane foam and with a textured surface. METHODS: Sixty-four Wistar albinus rats were divided into two groups of 32 each using polyurethane foam and textured surface. The capsules around the implants were analyzed for 30, 50, 70 and 90 days. Were analyzed the following parameters: foreign body reaction, granulation tissue, presence of myofibroblasts, neoangiogenesis, presence of synovial metaplasia, capsular thickness, total area and collagen percentage of type I and III, in capsules formed around silicone implants in both groups. RESULTS: The foreign body reaction was only present in the four polyurethane subgroups. The formation of granulation tissue and the presence of myofibroblasts were higher in the four polyurethane subgroups. Regarding to neoangiogenesis and synovial metaplasia, there was no statistical difference between the groups. Polyurethane group presented (all subgroups) a greater capsule thickness, a smaller total area and collagen percentage of type I and a higher percentage area of type III, with statistical difference. CONCLUSION: The use of polyurethane-coated implants should be stimulated by the long-term results in a more stable capsule and a lower incidence of capsular contracture, despite developing a more intense and delayed inflammatory reaction in relation to implants with textured surface.

Estudo das incapacidades dos casos notificados de hanseníase em uma gerência regional de saúde do Vale do Jequitinhonha entre 2001 e 2008 / Study of disabilities in subjects with Leprosy notified in a Regional Health Management of Vale do Jequitinhonha between 2001 and 2008

A hanseníase é doença infecciosa crônica causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae. O Brasil situa-se em segundo lugar no mundo em número de casos. O Vale do Jequitinhonha é região do estado de Minas Gerais que apresenta alta endemicidade e onde se situa a região de Diamantina. O presente estudo objetivou relacionar o grau de incapacidade no momento do diagnóstico, correlacionando-o com as seguintes variáveis: gênero, idade, zona de ocupação territorial e classificação em relação à forma clínica. Utilizou-se 542 fichas de notificação do SINAN (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação) com os dados de hanseníase da Regional de Diamantina, no período entre os anos 2001 e 2008. Dos casos estudados 67,46% eram das formas multibacilares, 56,65% residentes na zona urbana, 51,29% do gênero feminino, 44,47% apresentavam algum grau de incapacidade física momento do diagnóstico, e a maioria tinha entre 20 e 50 anos. Como as incapacidades e os multibacilares revelam o diagnóstico tardio da hanseníase, este estudo realça a necessidade de reformulação das estratégias assistenciais adotadas no controle da hanseníase na região.

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The Brazil ranks second in the world in number of cases and the Vale do Jequitinhonha is a region of Minas Gerais which is highly endemic. Thus, this study aimed to relate the degree of disability on the diagnostic moment with the following variables: gender, age, area of land occupation and classification in relation to the clinical form. It was used 542 reporting forms with the data of leprosy in the Regional Health Management of Diamantina, MG in the period between 2001 and 2008. Of the total investigated, most were female, urban-area resident, aged between 20 and 50 and clinically with multibacilar forms. Although most do not have any physical disabilities, a significant amount possessed at the time of diagnosis. Thus, this study points to the need reformulation of assistance strategies adopted on leprosy control in Vale do Jequitinhonha.